Application of Lemna-test in the assessment of surface water quality

Kakvoća vode Odvodnog kanala Karašica u Baranji bila je pod jakim antropogenim utjecajem (poljoprivreda, komunalne otpadne vode), a unos zagađivala u vodotok ovisio je i o sezonskim promjenama klimatskih parametara. Utvrđene značajne promjene u specifičnoj vodljivosti prije i nakon ispusta pokazatelj su ulaska otpadnih voda. Visoke koncentracije enterokoka i vrste E. coli ukazuju na svježe fekalno onečišćenje otpadnim vodama, dok je prisutnost specifičnih onečišćujućih tvari (organoklorovi pesticidi, heksaklorcikloheksani te DDT i metaboliti) i metala kao zagađivala u kanalu najviše posljedica ispiranja s poljoprivrednih površina, posebno u jesen. Odabrani parametri u Lemna-testu (prirast i svježa masa biljaka, fotosintetski pigmenti, ukupni topljivi proteini i malondialdehid) dobri su pokazatelji utjecaja zagađivala prisutnih u istraživanoj vodi na L. minor. Niske razine hranjivih tvari u vodi, posebno dušika i visoke razine zagađivala uvjetovali su stres u L. minor indukcijom lipidne peroksidacije u gotovo svim uzorcima vode Odvodnog kanala. U tim je uvjetima došlo do povećanja omjera Chla/b i smanjenja omjera Chl(a+b)/Car, smanjene koncentracije ukupnih proteina i svježe mase biljaka L. minor. Uporabom Lemna-testa na različitim razinama složenosti (morfološke promjene, pigmenti, proteini i lipidna peroksidacija) postignuta je preciznija procjena učinka realnih uzoraka vode iz okoliša.Water quality in the Karašica drainage channel in Baranja is under a strong influence of anthropogenic sources (agriculture and municipal wastewaters), and the input of polluted waters into this watercourse also depends on seasonal changes in climate parameters. Significant changes in specific conductivity before and after the discharge site were indications of wastewater inflow. High concentrations of enterococci and E. coli were good indicators of recent faecal contamination with wastewaters, while the presence of specific pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, hexachlorocyclohexanes, and DDT and its metabolites), as well as metals, evidently derived from agricultural run-off, especially in the autumn. Selected parameters in the Lemna-test (growth rate and yield, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins and malondialdehyde) proved to be useful indicators of the influence of present pollutants in the investigated waters on L. minor. Low levels of nutrients in the water, especially nitrogen and high levels of specific contaminants, have caused growth inhibition of L. minor associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased Chla/b and Chl(a+b)/Car and reduced protein concentrations in almost all water samples of the drainage channel. A more accurate assessment of water quality was achieved by using Lemna test with relevant structural or functional endpoints (morphological changes, pigments, proteins and lipid peroxidation) and by considering time-varying exposure of different sources of pollution

TOXIC ALGAL BLOOMS IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

U ovom su radu istraženi i pregledno iznijeti dostupni podatci o toksičnoj cvatnji cijanobakterija u slatkovodnim ekosustavima, s posebnim naglaskom na pojavi cvatnji cijanobakterija u Kopačkom ritu. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da se cijanobakterije često masovno razvijaju u eutrofnim slatkovodnim ekosustavima, a posebno u plitkim jezerima kao što su jezera u poplavnom području Kopačkog rita. Njihov je razvoj uvjetovan brojnim čimbenicima, među kojima su najvažniji koncentracija nutrijenata, temperatura i prozirnost vode, morfometrija jezera, struktura hranidbenih lanaca, kao i uvjeti miješanja vode i sedimenta. Mnoge vrste cijanobakterija iz rodova Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis i Planktothrix, a koje se pojavljuju i u vodama Kopačkog rita sadrže različite vrste toksina (mikrocistin, anatoksin-a, saxitoksin, cilindrospermopsin). Tijekom njihova masovnog razvoja dolazi do otpuštanja cijanotoksina u vodu, što može dovesti do trovanja i pomora živog svijeta (biljaka, beskralješnjaka, riba i drugih životinja) koji žive u vodi ili piju vodu, pa su tako u opasnosti i ljudi. Posebna pozornost u posljednjim desetljećima pridaje se praćenju širenja tropske invazivne toksične vrste Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii u europskim vodama.This paper represents a comprehensive review of the available data on toxic algal blooms in freshwater ecosystems, with emphasis on the appearance of cyanobacterial blooms in Kopački rit floodplain. The results indicate that cyanobacteria often bloom extensively in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems, especially in shallow lakes such as lakes in the floodplain wetland of Kopački rit. Their development is determined by many factors, among which the most important are nutrient concentrations, temperature, and watertransparency. Lake morphometry, the structure of the food chain, as well as conditions of mixing of water and sediment are also considered important. Many cyanobacterial species of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis and Planktothrix, which are appearing in the waters of Kopački rit, contain different types of toxins (microcystin, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin).During their development, the presence of high levels of cyanotoxins may occur, and this can lead to poisoning and the increased mortality of the living world (plants, invertebrates, fish and other animals) that live in the water or drink water. Particular attention in recent decades is given to monitoring the spread of tropical invasive species Cylindrospermopsisraciborskii in European waters

Application of Lemna-test in the assessment of surface water quality

Kakvoća vode Odvodnog kanala Karašica u Baranji bila je pod jakim antropogenim utjecajem (poljoprivreda, komunalne otpadne vode), a unos zagađivala u vodotok ovisio je i o sezonskim promjenama klimatskih parametara. Utvrđene značajne promjene u specifičnoj vodljivosti prije i nakon ispusta pokazatelj su ulaska otpadnih voda. Visoke koncentracije enterokoka i vrste E. coli ukazuju na svježe fekalno onečišćenje otpadnim vodama, dok je prisutnost specifičnih onečišćujućih tvari (organoklorovi pesticidi, heksaklorcikloheksani te DDT i metaboliti) i metala kao zagađivala u kanalu najviše posljedica ispiranja s poljoprivrednih površina, posebno u jesen. Odabrani parametri u Lemna-testu (prirast i svježa masa biljaka, fotosintetski pigmenti, ukupni topljivi proteini i malondialdehid) dobri su pokazatelji utjecaja zagađivala prisutnih u istraživanoj vodi na L. minor. Niske razine hranjivih tvari u vodi, posebno dušika i visoke razine zagađivala uvjetovali su stres u L. minor indukcijom lipidne peroksidacije u gotovo svim uzorcima vode Odvodnog kanala. U tim je uvjetima došlo do povećanja omjera Chla/b i smanjenja omjera Chl(a+b)/Car, smanjene koncentracije ukupnih proteina i svježe mase biljaka L. minor. Uporabom Lemna-testa na različitim razinama složenosti (morfološke promjene, pigmenti, proteini i lipidna peroksidacija) postignuta je preciznija procjena učinka realnih uzoraka vode iz okoliša.Water quality in the Karašica drainage channel in Baranja is under a strong influence of anthropogenic sources (agriculture and municipal wastewaters), and the input of polluted waters into this watercourse also depends on seasonal changes in climate parameters. Significant changes in specific conductivity before and after the discharge site were indications of wastewater inflow. High concentrations of enterococci and E. coli were good indicators of recent faecal contamination with wastewaters, while the presence of specific pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, hexachlorocyclohexanes, and DDT and its metabolites), as well as metals, evidently derived from agricultural run-off, especially in the autumn. Selected parameters in the Lemna-test (growth rate and yield, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins and malondialdehyde) proved to be useful indicators of the influence of present pollutants in the investigated waters on L. minor. Low levels of nutrients in the water, especially nitrogen and high levels of specific contaminants, have caused growth inhibition of L. minor associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased Chla/b and Chl(a+b)/Car and reduced protein concentrations in almost all water samples of the drainage channel. A more accurate assessment of water quality was achieved by using Lemna test with relevant structural or functional endpoints (morphological changes, pigments, proteins and lipid peroxidation) and by considering time-varying exposure of different sources of pollution

Terenska nastava iz prirodoslovlja na Učiteljskom studiju Fakulteta za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti

Vrijednost iskustvenoga učenja u neposrednoj prirodi, na terenskoj nastavi, kako za učenike i studente, tako i za nastavnike, dobro je poznata. Promatranje neposrednoga okoliša i fenoloških promjena u prirodi, kao i praktične aktivnosti tijekom terenskoga rada, smatramo ključnim i u edukaciji studenata Učiteljskoga studija, a kako bi bolje razumjeli prirodne pojave i postali svjesni značajnoga, često negativnoga, utjecaja čovjeka na prirodu. U ovome članku prikazali smo terensku nastavu iz prirodoslovlja u Parku prirode Žumberak – Samoborsko gorje, Botaničkom vrtu u Zagrebu, Muzeju krapinskih neandertalaca u Krapini te Parku znanosti u Oroslavju, za studente 2. godine Učiteljskoga studija Fakulteta za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, smatrajući ga dobrim primjerom prakse

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN FORESTRY

Zaštita radnika tijekom rada uveliko utječe na sami radni proces. Sigurnost i zdravlje doprinosi kvaliteti rada bez ozljeda, a osobna zaštitna oprema je dio tog sustava za poboljašanje sigurnosti. U ovom radu su objašnjena osobna zaštitna oprema tijekom rada u šumarstvu. Njihova uloga je vrlo bitna te ona štite od uvjeta na koje ne moţemo utjecati. Uvjeti rada u šumartsvu su teški. Fizički napor, utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta i zahtjevi radnih mjesta traţe dobru provedbu zaštite na radu.The protection of workers during work greatly affects the work process itself. Safety and health contribute to the quality of work without injuries, and personal protective equipment is part of this system to improve safety. This work explains personal protective equipment during forestry work. Their role is very important and they protect from conditions that we cannot influence. Working conditions in forestry are difficult, physical effort, the impact of weather conditions and job requirements require good implementation of occupational safety

TOXIC ALGAL BLOOMS IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

U ovom su radu istraženi i pregledno iznijeti dostupni podatci o toksičnoj cvatnji cijanobakterija u slatkovodnim ekosustavima, s posebnim naglaskom na pojavi cvatnji cijanobakterija u Kopačkom ritu. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da se cijanobakterije često masovno razvijaju u eutrofnim slatkovodnim ekosustavima, a posebno u plitkim jezerima kao što su jezera u poplavnom području Kopačkog rita. Njihov je razvoj uvjetovan brojnim čimbenicima, među kojima su najvažniji koncentracija nutrijenata, temperatura i prozirnost vode, morfometrija jezera, struktura hranidbenih lanaca, kao i uvjeti miješanja vode i sedimenta. Mnoge vrste cijanobakterija iz rodova Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis i Planktothrix, a koje se pojavljuju i u vodama Kopačkog rita sadrže različite vrste toksina (mikrocistin, anatoksin-a, saxitoksin, cilindrospermopsin). Tijekom njihova masovnog razvoja dolazi do otpuštanja cijanotoksina u vodu, što može dovesti do trovanja i pomora živog svijeta (biljaka, beskralješnjaka, riba i drugih životinja) koji žive u vodi ili piju vodu, pa su tako u opasnosti i ljudi. Posebna pozornost u posljednjim desetljećima pridaje se praćenju širenja tropske invazivne toksične vrste Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii u europskim vodama.This paper represents a comprehensive review of the available data on toxic algal blooms in freshwater ecosystems, with emphasis on the appearance of cyanobacterial blooms in Kopački rit floodplain. The results indicate that cyanobacteria often bloom extensively in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems, especially in shallow lakes such as lakes in the floodplain wetland of Kopački rit. Their development is determined by many factors, among which the most important are nutrient concentrations, temperature, and watertransparency. Lake morphometry, the structure of the food chain, as well as conditions of mixing of water and sediment are also considered important. Many cyanobacterial species of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis and Planktothrix, which are appearing in the waters of Kopački rit, contain different types of toxins (microcystin, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin).During their development, the presence of high levels of cyanotoxins may occur, and this can lead to poisoning and the increased mortality of the living world (plants, invertebrates, fish and other animals) that live in the water or drink water. Particular attention in recent decades is given to monitoring the spread of tropical invasive species Cylindrospermopsisraciborskii in European waters

FIRE AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Nastanak požara predstavlja veliku opasnost za čovjeka i okolinu. Vatra se kreće velikom brzinom i putem može izazvati reakciju u obliku eksplozije. Svaki požar je opasan, no požari koji uključuju kemijske tvari mogu izazvati nesreće velikih razmjera. U ovom radu su objašnjene zaštitne mjere, sredstva i oprema za gašenje požara u kemijskoj industriji. Navedene su mjere u slučaju istjecanja različitih kemijskih tvari kao i utjecaj moderne tehnologije na sam sustav zaštite od požara i eksplozija.The occurrence of fire represents a great danger for people and the environment. Fire moves at high speed and can cause an explosive reaction along the way. Every fire is dangerous, but fires involving chemical substances can cause accidents on a large scale. This paper explains the protective measures, means and equipment for extinguishing fires of chemical substances. The measures in case of leakage of various chemical substances as well as the impact of modern technology on the fire and explosion protection system are listed

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN FORESTRY

Zaštita radnika tijekom rada uveliko utječe na sami radni proces. Sigurnost i zdravlje doprinosi kvaliteti rada bez ozljeda, a osobna zaštitna oprema je dio tog sustava za poboljašanje sigurnosti. U ovom radu su objašnjena osobna zaštitna oprema tijekom rada u šumarstvu. Njihova uloga je vrlo bitna te ona štite od uvjeta na koje ne moţemo utjecati. Uvjeti rada u šumartsvu su teški. Fizički napor, utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta i zahtjevi radnih mjesta traţe dobru provedbu zaštite na radu.The protection of workers during work greatly affects the work process itself. Safety and health contribute to the quality of work without injuries, and personal protective equipment is part of this system to improve safety. This work explains personal protective equipment during forestry work. Their role is very important and they protect from conditions that we cannot influence. Working conditions in forestry are difficult, physical effort, the impact of weather conditions and job requirements require good implementation of occupational safety

Water for all : proceedings 8th International Conference Water for all

The 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL was held on the 21th and 22th March 2019 in Osijek, on Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek on the occasion of World Water Day and with the aim of gathering and exchanging experiences of scientists and experts in the field of water management, environmental protection and preservation of water resources. The Conference included plenary lectures, oral lectures, poster presentations, and the presentations of sponsoring companies. 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL was organized by the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, Croatian Chamber of Economy, Croatian Water - VGO, Croatian Chamber of Health Professionals, Croatian Water Pollution Control Society, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Department of Biology of the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Chemistry of the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, University of Bihać, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology University of Mostar, Faculty of Health Studies University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, Faculty of Technology University of Tuzla, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Skopje, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ljubljana, Nature Park “Kopački rit”, Public Institution for nature protection in Osijek- Baranja County, Public Health Institute of the Osijek-Baranja County, Health Center Osijek, Vodovod-Osijek d.o.o. and Alumni Association of former students and friends of the Faculty of Food Technology Osijek - TehnOS. The international co- organizers of the Conference were International Federation of Environmental Health (IFEH), European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG) and Danube Parks. The theme of World Water Day 2019 and 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL was "Water for all – Leaving no one behind!". At the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL participated 359 authors from 10 countries (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Republic of Kosovo, Turkey, Norway, Mexico and Brazil) with presentation of in total 112 paper, from which of them 41 were presented orally, and were presented 71 as poster presentation. Abstract of the mentioned papers were published in the Book of Abstracts of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL. The Scientific Committee of 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL received 35 full papers for publication and 17 of them became the part of the this Proceedings, while 18 papers were accepted and publicated in following international scientific journals: Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek - e-GFOS, Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology, Technologica Acta, The Holistic Approach to Environment and Environmental Engineering - Inženjerstvo Okoliša. Special contributions to the quality of this Proceedings of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL were given by 49 reviewers, mostly university professors and professionals, from 10 countries and over twenty international universities, faculties and institutions. On behalf of the Organizing and Scientific Committee of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL we cordially thank all the authors, participants, reviewers and sponsors for their contribution to the quality of the 8th International Conference WATER FOR ALL

7th International ConferenceThe Future of Information Sciences INFuture2019: Knowledge in the Digital Age

This is the seventh publication in the series of biennial international conferences, The Future of Information Sciences (INFuture) organised by the Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb. Since its beginnings twelve years ago, the INFuture conference has been providing a platform for discussing both theoretical and practical issues in information organization and information integration through the explorations of how developments in information and communication technology influence the future of the field of information sciences. Education and research in information sciences and its interdisciplinary scope and application is of particular interest to this conference which is aimed at researchers and professionals from the broad field of information and communication sciences and related professions. The title of this year's conference is INFuture2019: Knowledge in the Digital Age. The conference explores the influence the information and communication sciences have on the society as a whole.The INFuture2019 conference consists of 26 papers from 58 authors from nine countries -Austria, Croatia, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden and United States